1. Interventions to increase youth employment: An evidence and gap map

APUNYO, Robert et al. Interventions to increase youth employment: An evidence and gap map. Campbell Systematic Reviews, v. 18, n. 1, p. e1216, 2022.

DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1216
Background: Globally, 13% of the youth are not in education, employment or training (NEET). Moreover, this persistent problem has been exacerbated by the shock of Covid-19 pandemic. More youth from disadvantaged backgrounds are likely unemployed than those from better off backgrounds. Thus, the need for increased use of evidence in the design and implementation of youth employment interventions to increase effectiveness and sustainability of interventions and outcomes. Evidence and gap maps (EGMs) can promote evidence-based decision making by guiding policy makers, development partners and researchers to areas with good bodies of evidence and those with little or no evidence. The scope of the Youth Employment EGM is global. The map covers all youth aged 15–35 years. The three broad intervention categories included in the EGM are: strengthening training and education systems, enhancing labour market and, transforming financial sector markets. There are five outcome categories: education and skills; entrepreneurship; employment; welfare and economic outcomes. The EGM contains impact evaluations of interventions implemented to increase youth employment and systematic reviews of such single studies, published or made available between 2000 and 2019. Objectives: The primary objective was to catalogue impact evaluations and systematic reviews on youth employment interventions to improve discoverability of evidence by decision makers, development patterners and researchers, so as to promote evidence-based decision making in programming and implementation of youth employment initiatives. Search Methods: Twenty databases and websites were searched using a validated search strategy. Additional searches included searching within 21 systematic reviews, snowballing 20 most recent studies and citation tracking of 10 most recent studies included in the EGM. Selection Criteria: The study selection criteria followed the PICOS approach of population, intervention, relevant comparison groups, outcomes and study design. Additional criterion is; study publication or availability period of between 2000 and 2021. Only impact evaluations and systematic reviews that included impact evaluations were selected. Data Collection and Analysis: A total of 14,511 studies were uploaded in EPPI Reviewer 4 software, upon which 399 were selected using the criteria provided above. Coding of data took place in EPPI Reviewer basing on predefined codes. The unit of analysis for the report is individual studies where every entry represents a combination of interventions and outcomes. Main Results: Overall, 399 studies (21 systematic reviews and 378 impact evaluations) are included in the EGM. Impact evaluations (n = 378) are much more than the systematic reviews (n = 21). Most impact evaluations are experimental studies (n = 177), followed by non-experimental matching (n = 167) and other regression designs (n = 35). Experimental studies were mostly conducted in both Lower-income countries and Lower Middle Income countries while non-experimental study designs are the most common in both High Income and Upper Middle Income countries. Most evidence is from low quality impact evaluations (71.2%) while majority of systematic reviews (71.4% of 21) are of medium and high quality rating. The area saturated with most evidence is the intervention category of "training", while the underrepresented are three main intervention sub-categories: information services; decent work policies and; entrepreneurship promotion and financing. Older youth, youth in fragility, conflict and violence contexts, or humanitarian settings, or ethnic minorities or those with criminal backgrounds are least studied. Conclusions: The Youth Employment EGM identifies trends in evidence notably the following:. Most evidence is from high-income countries, an indication of the relationship between a country's income status and research productivity. The most common study designs are experimental. Most of the evidence is of low quality. This finding serves to alert researchers, practitioners and policy makers that more rigorous work is needed to inform youth employment interventions. Blending of interventions is practiced. While this could be an indication that blended intervention could be offering better outcomes, this remains an area with a research gap.

Categoria(a) de Problema(a): Barreiras discriminatórias, Vagas de emprego e Qualificação em hard skills

Categoria(a) de Intervencão(ões): Treinamento e qualificação e Acesso aos mercados

Link de acesso: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/cl2.1216

2. Active Labour Market Programmes in Latin America and the Caribbean: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis

ESCUDERO, Verónica et al. Active labour market programmes in Latin America and the Caribbean: Evidence from a meta-analysis. The Journal of Development Studies, v. 55, n. 12, p. 2644-2661, 2019.

DOI: 10.1080/00220388.2018.1546843
We present a systematic review and meta-analysis of impact evaluations of active labour market programmes (ALMPs) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). We extract 296 impact estimates from 51 programme evaluations to analyse the effects of participation on employment, earnings, hours worked, and formality. Our analysis finds that the probabilities of being employed and in formal employment are the labour market indicators most likely to be positively affected by ALMPs in LAC. Moreover, ALMPs are more successful among women and youth and when they are implemented during periods of economic expansion. Training programmes increase both formal employment and earnings; training is particularly effective when it is more intensive and when explicitly targeting poor individuals.

Categoria(a) de Problema(a): Barreiras discriminatórias e Qualificação em hard skills

Categoria(a) de Intervencão(ões): Treinamento e qualificação e Acesso aos mercados

Link de acesso: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00220388.2018.1546843

3. Employment outcomes for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A literature review

ALMALKY, Hussain A. Employment outcomes for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A literature review. Children and Youth Services Review, v. 109, p. 104656, 2020.

DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104656
This review examined various studies regarding the employment outcomes for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) within the United States. This review provides a snapshot of the individuals employment rate, setting, income, quality of life, and well-being. A thorough literature review was conducted to retrieve studies and gather information. The studies were retrieved from Proquest, Ebscohost, Emerald, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Other databases included Eric and PsycINFO. The inclusion criteria were the studies published after the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990, as well as the studies published in English and limited to the population of the United States. A total of 27 studies were included in the review. The results indicated that the employment settings for individuals with IDD, such as sheltered, supported, or competitive employment, have different impacts on working hours and weekly wages. This paper also established that the employment of individuals with IDD has a positive influence on their self-esteem, self-confidence, career progression, and independence levels, especially in integrated employment. Furthermore, this review demonstrated that the work of such individuals provides a source of income and enables them to contribute to the national economy through taxes. However, the review suggests that there is still a need to improve the employment of such individuals in order to increase the employment outcomes to significant levels. There is a need to mainly focus on enhancing sheltered employment whose results are relatively lower when compared to the other forms of work. Practices and research implications were also discussed.

Categoria(a) de Problema(a): Barreiras discriminatórias

Categoria(a) de Intervencão(ões): Acesso aos mercados

Link de acesso: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190740919308503

4. Supported employment interventions for workplace mental health of persons with mental disabilities in low-to-middle income countries: A scoping review

MAVINDIDZE, Edwin; NHUNZVI, Clement; VAN NIEKERK, Lana. Supported employment interventions for workplace mental health of persons with mental disabilities in low-to-middle income countries: A scoping review. Plos one, v. 18, n. 9, p. e0291869, 2023.

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291869
Objective To review the evidence of supported employment interventions in low-to-middle income countries, documents their impact for persons with mental disorders in the open labour market and well as support decision making for its wider implementation in the workplace. Design The scoping review is conducted following guidelines in the Arksey and OMalley (2005) Framework. Data sources and eligibility Eleven databases which are PubMed, Scopus, Academic Search Premier, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Africa-Wide Information, Humanities International Complete, Web of Science, PsychInfo, SocINDEX, Open Grey and Sabinet were searched for articles published between January 2006 and January 2022. Both peer-reviewed articles and grey literature were eligible if they were on supported employment interventions in low-to-middle income countries. Only articles published in English were included. Study appraisal and synthesis Articles were screened at title, abstract and full article levels by two independent teams with the use of Rayyan software. Deductive thematic analysis was used to synthesize evidence on the supported employment interventions implemented in LMICs, capturing evidence of their outcomes for persons with mental disabilities securing competitive work. Results The search yielded 7347 records and after screening by title and abstract, 188 studies were eligible for full article screening. Eight studies were included in this scoping review. Thematic descriptions of the findings were based on the availability of supported employment interventions within the context, the type of supported employment interventions as well as mental health and vocational outcomes in the workplace. Conclusions There is limited evidence of supported employment interventions in low-to-middle income countries despite the promising potential it has as an intervention to address mental health problems in the workplace and facilitate work participation by persons with mental disabilities.

Categoria(a) de Problema(a): Barreiras discriminatórias

Categoria(a) de Intervencão(ões): Acesso aos mercados

Link de acesso: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0291869

5. Barriers and facilitators to ex-service personnel obtaining employment within social care roles with older people: a scoping review

MANTHORPE, Jill; BRAMLEY, Stephanie. Barriers and facilitators to ex-service personnel obtaining employment within social care roles with older people: A scoping review. Working with Older People, v. 24, n. 3, p. 205-220, 2020.

DOI: 10.1108/WWOP-04-2020-0011
Purpose: This purpose of this paper is to review evidence about the barriers and facilitators to ex-service personnel obtaining employment within social care roles. Social care has long-standing, well-recognised problems of staff recruitment and retention. Policymakers and employers are exploring if there are untapped sources of potential employees. Some ex-service personnel may be interested in exploring a move to social care work with older people but may face barriers to such a move which may need to be addressed. Design/methodology/approach: Databases and grey literature were searched systematically to provide an overview of evidence on this topic. In total, 23 articles were included in the review. Findings: A narrative analysis revealed barriers to ex-service personnel obtaining employment within social care not only related to their previous occupation, health status and identity but also facilitators related to the sector’s severe recruitment challenges and the transferable skills of ex-service personnel. Evidence suggests that learning from health services may be highly relevant and transferable. Research limitations/implications: This review was confined to English language studies published between 2008 and 2018. Few mentioned specific user or client groups. Originality/value: This review identified evidence suggesting that learning from health services may be highly relevant and transferable to the social care sector so as to facilitate the transition of more ex-service personnel into social care work with older people.

Categoria(a) de Problema(a): Barreiras discriminatórias e Qualificação em hard skills

Categoria(a) de Intervencão(ões): Treinamento e qualificação e Acesso aos mercados

Link de acesso: https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/wwop-04-2020-0011/full/html

6. A Systematic Review of Factors Related to Employment in Transition-Age Youth With Visual Impairments

LUND, Emily M.; CMAR, Jennifer L. A systematic review of factors related to employment in transition-age youth with visual impairments. Rehabilitation psychology, v. 65, n. 2, p. 122, 2020.

DOI: 10.1037/rep0000303
Purpose/Objective: Individuals with visual impairments, including transition-age youth, have much lower employment rates than their peers without disabilities. We conducted a systematic review to examine the factors that predict employment in American youth with visual impairments. Research/Method: We used a three-pronged approach to identify articles via databases search, hand search, and ancestral search. We then coded all articles for study and sample characteristics, study outcomes, and study quality. Results: Ten studies met inclusion criteria, nine of which reported secondary analysis of existing datasets. Previous work experience and postsecondary education were consistently significant positive predictors of employment across studies, with previous, self-initiated work experience being the strongest predictor. There is also some evidence for the importance of transportation and travel skills in obtaining employment. Conversely, demographic and disability characteristics generally were not significant predictors of employment. Conclusions/Implications: These results highlight the need to teach vocational skills, particularly job search skills, to youth with visual impairments and to support their completion of postsecondary education. Because most studies involved secondary analysis of older datasets, and five relied on the same dataset, additional research should be conducted using novel and current datasets in order to replicate and expand on these findings. Research is also needed to identify factors associated with completion of postsecondary education for youth with visual impairments as well as interventions that lead to positive postsecondary educational and employment outcomes.

Categoria(a) de Problema(a): Informação assimétrica, Barreiras discriminatórias e Qualificação em hard skills

Categoria(a) de Intervencão(ões): Treinamento e qualificação e Acesso aos mercados

Link de acesso: https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/2019-81719-001

7. The Dynamics of Youth Employment and Empowerment in Agriculture and Rural Development in South Africa: A Scoping Review

GEZA, Wendy et al. The dynamics of youth employment and empowerment in agriculture and rural development in South Africa: A scoping review. Sustainability, v. 14, n. 9, p. 5041, 2022.

DOI: 10.3390/su14095041
Over the years, South Africa has made significant investments aimed at transforming the agricultural sector to deliver on rural economic development and job creation. These investments have had varying levels of success; still, what is worrying is the high youth unemployment rate which is amongst the highest globally. We conducted a scoping review using the PRISMA-P guidelines to identify the challenges youth face in accessing sustainable employment in the agriculture sector. Peer-reviewed studies were retrieved from online databases (Web of Science, Cab Direct, and Science Direct) for 1994–2021. The findings showed that youth are still facing significant challenges in the demand and supply side of the labour market and lack of inclusivity in policy formulation and implementation, limiting their involvement in agriculture and rural development initiatives. Policies and strategies responding to these challenges exist, and the spectrum of support services provided are primarily focused on entrepreneurship. Yet, the implementation of programs and initiatives has not been successful. This could be attributed to the obstacles persisting in the sociopolitical environment in SA, causing additional barriers to program implementation. Therefore, to enhance youth involvement in agriculture and rural development, there is a need to connect more rural youth to support services, local employment programmes, and youth inclusion in policy formulation processes. Additionally, the focus of policy and programs should be broadened to cater to different youth knowledge and skill profiles.

Categoria(a) de Problema(a): Barreiras discriminatórias e Vagas de emprego

Categoria(a) de Intervencão(ões): Acesso aos mercados

Link de acesso: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/9/5041

8. Career counselling for adults with newly acquired mobility disability

CHEN, Charles P.; ZAMMIT, Rosana. Career counselling for adults with newly acquired mobility disability. Current Psychology, v. 42, n. 36, p. 31908-31915, 2023.

DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04207-3
"Mobility disabilities are common in Canada and impact over two million Canadians. As such, there is a need for career counsellors to better understand and address the challenges. This literature review article outlines various challenges that this population encounters, including adapting to mobility disabilities, requiring accommodations, facing financial needs, and experiencing loss. It also examines the interplay between the personal and career development needs of individuals with a mobility disability (i.e., people who are unable to engage in job-related activities due to mobility issues). Interventions from Super’s life-span theory and Cochran’s narrative career counselling theory will be discussed in relation to supporting individuals with mobility disabilities across their career challenges. The article concludes with pertinent considerations for career counsellors, raising awareness on unique issues like accommodation needs, misconceptions, and discrimination when working with this population."

Categoria(a) de Problema(a): Barreiras discriminatórias e Aspiração profissional

Categoria(a) de Intervencão(ões): Acesso aos mercados

Link de acesso: https://link-springer-com.ez83.periodicos.capes.gov.br/article/10.1007/s12144-022-04207-3

9. The impact of co-location employment partnerships within the Australian mental health service and policy context: A systematic review

MALLICK, Sue; ISLAM, Md Shahidul. The impact of co‐location employment partnerships within the Australian mental health service and policy context: A systematic review. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, v. 31, n. 5, p. 1125-1140, 2022.

DOI: 10.1111/inm.13007
Adults with a serious persistent mental illness (SPMI) express a strong desire to work. However, they continue to experience higher levels of unemployment, barriers, and occupational exclusion that impact their vocational outcomes and choice of work. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of co-location partnerships between adult mental health and disability employment services (DES) on employment outcomes and consumer choice of work for adults with a SPMI. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology, a systematic literature review was conducted by searching four databases. The relationship between mental health, employment, and DES was examined. Inclusion criteria were adults with a SPMI; employment services and outcomes; and job retention and sustainability. Twelve studies met inclusion criteria. All studies were peer-reviewed, Australian-based, and published between 01 January 2017 and 30 August 2021. Individual placement and support (IPS); DES practice, funding, policy, and reform within the Australian mental health system; and barriers to participation in DES were the three main themes that emerged. Findings highlight the importance of joint, co-location partnerships between mental health and employment services, including a collaborative approach to policy reform between both services, to assist adults with a SPMI to gain and sustain competitive employment. Vocational, non-vocational, systemic, and structural barriers still exist; hence, adults with a SPMI continue to face challenges with gaining and sustaining long-term employment. Hence, it is important for these partnerships to be systematically set up to support the complexity of the employment journey for adults with a SPMI.

Categoria(a) de Problema(a): Barreiras discriminatórias

Categoria(a) de Intervencão(ões): Acesso aos mercados

Link de acesso: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/inm.13007

10. Evaluating Educational and Employment Services for Young People With Psychiatric Conditions: A Systematic Review

THOMPSON, Judy L. et al. Evaluating educational and employment services for young people with psychiatric conditions: A systematic review. Psychiatric services, v. 73, n. 7, p. 787-800, 2022.

DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.202000033
Objective: The authors conducted a systematic review of studies evaluating vocational interventions for young people with psychiatric conditions to determine the extent to which services were adapted for young people and whether services promoted gains in postsecondary education and employment. Methods: Five databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Academic Search Premier, and ERIC) were searched. Sources eligible for inclusion were controlled studies published between 2000 and mid-2020 that evaluated a vocational intervention and examined postsecondary educational or employment outcomes for youths or young adults (ages 14–35 years) with psychiatric conditions. Results: Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. Several of the studies evaluated services that were adapted for young people, including through the incorporation of educational supports. The most consistent finding was that services based on the individual placement and support (IPS) model improved employment outcomes more effectively than did comparison approaches and treatment as usual. Fewer studies assessed educational outcomes, and they yielded mixed results; however, recent findings from a controlled trial indicate that an enhanced IPS intervention that included well-specified supported education and skills training led to significantly superior outcomes in both education and employment. Conclusions: These results provide support for the efficacy of IPS-based services to improve employment outcomes among young people with psychiatric conditions and suggest that adapting IPS to include comprehensive educational supports and skills training may be important for efforts to improve postsecondary educational outcomes. Additional well-controlled intervention studies that examine educational and longer-term outcomes should further inform the development and delivery of vocational services for this population.

Categoria(a) de Problema(a): Barreiras discriminatórias e Qualificação em hard skills

Categoria(a) de Intervencão(ões): Treinamento e qualificação e Acesso aos mercados

Link de acesso: https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ps.202000033

11. Pre-employment transition services for students with disabilities: A scoping review

FRENTZEL, Elizabeth et al. Pre-employment transition services for students with disabilities: A scoping review. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, v. 54, n. 2, p. 103-116, 2021.

DOI: 10.3233/JVR-201123
BACKGROUND: Students with disabilities often experience numerous challenges in terms of finding employment. Given the important role of vocational rehabilitation counselors in supporting employment activities for these students, a need exists for identifying effective strategies that increase employment outcomes for this population. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this scoping review is to examine and describe successful research- based interventions on pre-employment transition services for students with disabilities that can be used by vocational rehabilitation counselors. METHODS: The search strategy examined literature from 1998 through 2017 focused on vocational rehabilitation counselors, students with disabilities, and elements related to pre-employment transition services. Articles included American, European, and Australian literature published in English. RESULTS: This review identified a number of research-based interventions that support employment outcomes for students with disabilities. CONCLUSIONS: The research-based interventions identified in this scoping review can help vocational rehabilitation counselors consider effective strategies for increasing employment outcomes for students with disabilities.

Categoria(a) de Problema(a): Barreiras discriminatórias e Qualificação em hard skills

Categoria(a) de Intervencão(ões): Treinamento e qualificação e Acesso aos mercados

Link de acesso: https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vocational-rehabilitation/jvr201123

12. Cost-benefit analyses of employment services for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A scoping review

TAYLOR, Joshua et al. Cost-benefit analyses of employment services for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A scoping review. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, v. 54, n. 2, p. 193-206, 2021.

DOI: 10.3233/JVR-201130
BACKGROUND: Understanding the cost-benefit of vocational rehabilitation services is critical to improve competitive integrated employment outcomes for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this scoping review was to analyze and synthesize micro and macroeconomic analyses of various types of vocational services which promote the employment outcomes of individuals with IDD. METHODS: This scoping review searched peer-reviewed and grey literature sources published between 2000 and 2020, examining both micro and macroeconomic analyses. RESULTS: A total of 26 studies met inclusion criteria. The majority of studies reported positive effects for the cost-benefit of integrated service approaches such as supported and customized employment. Conversely, our findings show no cost-benefit for sheltered workshops, and in some cases, negative effects. CONCLUSION: Limitations to the included studies as well as implications and recommendations for practice, policy, and future research are discussed.

Categoria(a) de Problema(a): Barreiras discriminatórias e Qualificação em hard skills

Categoria(a) de Intervencão(ões): Treinamento e qualificação e Acesso aos mercados

Link de acesso: https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vocational-rehabilitation/jvr201130

13. Employment Interventions for Youth With Disabilities: A Review of Transition Practices and Partners

SCHUTZ, Michele A.; CARTER, Erik W. Employment interventions for youth with disabilities: A review of transition practices and partners. Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals, v. 45, n. 3, p. 154-169, 2022.

DOI: 10.1177/21651434221075810
The employment process for youth with disabilities often begins in high school. Although connecting youth to work is a recommended practice, the literature lacks a review of available interventions. This scoping review examined the practices and partners represented in 42 intervention studies addressing employment outcomes for transition-age youth (14–22 years old) with disabilities. These interventions varied widely, with a total of 25 components addressing employment preparation, job placement, other supports for youth, supports for other stakeholders, and collaborative/organizational strategies. Although families and employers participated in these interventions, the most prominent players were school staff and agency providers. We offer recommendations for research and practice around strengthening employment practices and engaging multiple stakeholders in preparing youth with disabilities for work.

Categoria(a) de Problema(a): Barreiras discriminatórias, Vagas de emprego e Qualificação em hard skills

Categoria(a) de Intervencão(ões): Treinamento e qualificação e Acesso aos mercados

Link de acesso: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/21651434221075810

LINC - Laboratório de Inclusão Produtiva das Juventudes